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STATE NATURE RESERVE FINANCING IN 2000: SUMMARY

According to the records of state nature reserves under the Russian Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), the total budget in 2000 for the entire system of reserves amounted to 265,223,000 rubles (versus 169,149,000 rubles in 1999) and came from various sources (see Table 1).

Table 1. Sources of financing for MNR state nature reserves in 1999 and 2000.

Sources
of Financing

2000

1999

Change
in Share
of Financing Source

Growth
of Financing Source,
%

Total,
thousand rubles

Share
of Source,
%

Total,
thousand rubles

Share
of Source,
%

Federal budget, including State Ecology Fund

130, 281

49.1

88,729

52.4

– 3.3

+ 47

Regional & local budgets; non- budgetary funds

40,036

15.1

22,262

13.2

+ 1.9

+ 80

Reserve earnings

21,004

8.0

19,509

11.5

– 3.5

+ 8

Foreign grants

66,120

24.9

33,952

20.1

+ 4.8

+ 95

Russian grants

7,782

2.9

4,697

2.8

+ 0,1

+ 66

   TOTAL
265 223
100
169 149
100
0
+ 57

Monies from the federal budget, including the state Ecology Fund, totalled 130,281,000 rubles and accounted for 49.1% of the reserves’ combined budget (versus 88,729,000 rubles, or 52.4%, in 1999).

A total of 40,036,000 rubles (15,1%) was allocated to reserves from regional and local budgets and non-budgetary funds (versus 22,262,000 rubles, or 13,2%, in 1999).

The reserves’ own earnings amounted to 20,004,000 rubles (8,0% of the annual budget), as opposed to 19,509,000 rubles, or 11,5%, in 1999. For the structure of the reserves’ earnings, see Table 2.

Table 2. Structure of state nature reserves’ own earnings in 2000.

Item of Income

Sum

Revenues from visitor services

5,688,000

Revenues from exploitation permissible in reserves and their buffer zones

2,337,000

Collected fines, claims, realization of property forfeited to the State

2,960,000

Contractual research work (not paid for out of the federal budget)

5,643,000

Other activities

4,376,000
   TOTAL

21,004,000

In 2000 Russian state nature reserves received a total of 66,120,000 rubles in foreign grants, or 24,9% of the overall budget (versus 33,952,000 rubles, or 20,1%, in 1999). The main grants came from the Global Environmental Facility (65% of all the grants), the U.S. Agency for International Development (12%), and the World Wildlife Fund (9,5%).

Grants received from Russian sponsors amounted to 7,782,000 rubles, or 2,9% of the total budget (versus 4,697,000 rubles, or 2,8%, in 1999). The involvement of various types of sponsors is outlined in Table 3.

Table 3. Russian sponsors’ involvement
in financing state nature reserves in 2000.

Organization

Sum

Industrial organizations

4,810,900

Banks

483,800

Transport enterprises

34,800

Firms

32,600

Other commercial structures

822,300

Non-profit organizations

1,304,200

Individuals

293,000
    TOTAL

7,781,600

There is no “typical” nature reserve in Russia since each reserve has its own profile and specifics. The indices given here are simply to satisfy our statistical curiosity.

In 2000, the average annual budget of a reserve was around 2,949,000 rubles (versus 1,900,000 rubles in 1999). The reserves with the largest and smallest budgets in 2000 (excluding new reserves whose financing started after early 1999) are given in Table 4.

Table 4. Reserves with largest and smallest budgets in 2000.

Reserves with Largest Budgets

Reserves with Smallest Budgets

Name

Budget,
thousand roubles

Share
of Federal Funds,
%

Name

Budget,
thousand roubles

Share
of Federal Funds,
%

Kavkazsky

12,094

34

Rdeisky

725

70

Sikhote-Alinsky

10,610

33

Belogorye

737

69

Tevberdinsky

8,399

43

Polistovsky

799

81

Voronezhsky

7,077

44

Basegi

872

78

Laplandsky

6,962

34

Dzhugdzhurgsky

880

91

Yugansky

6,394

26

Denezh. Kamen'

890

51

Malaya Sos'va

6,185

30

Kaluzh. Zaseki

948

58

Baikalsky

5,776

35

Prisursky

961

51

Kronotsky

5,661

35

Poronaisky

1,072

78

Sayano-Sushen.

5,655

33

Dzherginsky

1,125

91

Of the 90 reserves that functioned throughout 2000, 54 had budgets below average.

Eighty-eight reserves (versus 83 in 1999) got money from the budgets and non-budgetary funds of federal bodies and municipal funds. The reserves with the most income from these sources are shown in Table 5. The regions that assisted their local nature reserves the most and least are shown in Table 6.

Table 5. Reserves with the most income from regional
and local budgets and non-budgetary funds in 2000.

Reserve

Financing,
in thousand roubles

Share of the Budget,
%

Yugansky

4,641

73

Malaya Sos'va

4,246

69

Verhne-Tazovsky

1,869

53

Putoransky

1,836

61

Voronezhsky

1,791

25

Pasvik

1,542

41

Volzhsko-Kamsky

1,327

51

Bogdinsko-Baskunchaksky

1,207

89

Nenetsky

1,150

46

Astrakhansky

1,000

19

 

Table 6. Regions that provided the most and least financial support to MNR state reserves
from regional and local budgets and non-budgetary funds.

Regions that Provided the most Support

Regions that Provided the Least

Region

Sum,
thousand rubles

Share of Total Budget Region’s Reserves,
%

Region

Sum,
thousand
rubles

Khanty-Mansi
Aut. Okrug

8,887

71

Republic of Adygei

0

Krasnoyarsk Territory

2,752

n/d

Republic of Mariy-El

0

Murmansk Region.

2,553

n/d

Pskov Region

0

Voronezh Region

2,370

24

Chukot Aut. Okrug

0

Astrakhan Region

2,207

33

Republic of Kalmykia

6

Yamalo-Nenets
Aut. Okrug

1,869

n/d

Koryak Aut. Okrug

10

Republic of Tatarstan

1,327

51

Republic of Dagestan

59

Khabarovsk Territory

1,299

n/d

Rep. Sakha- Yakutia

75

Nenets Autonomous Area

1,150

46

Republic of Tuva

86

Irkutsk Region

1,100

n/d

Jewish Aut. Okrug

88

In 2000, 85 reserves (versus 84 in 1999) earned income independently. The reserves that earned the most are listed in Table 7.


Table 7. Reserves that earned the most independently in 2000.

Reserves

Earnings

Budget Share,
%

Kronotsky

3,417,000

60

Laplandsky

2,631,000

38

Astrakhansky

1,950,000

37

Kavkazsky

1,248,000

10

Chernye Zemli

1,229,000

60

Sayano-Shushensky

712,000

13

Kurilsky

627,000

13

Ostrov Vrangelya

609,000

18

Stolby

607,000

25

Yuzhno-Uralsky

558,000

17

In 2000, 74 reserves received foreign grants (versus 63 in 1999). The reserves with the highest income from foreign grants are listed in Table 8.


Table 8. Reserves that received the most support from foreign grants in 2000.

Reserves

Foreign Grant Money,
thousand rubles

Budget Share,
%

Sikhote-Alinsky

7,012

66

Kavkazsky

4,741

39

Teberdinsky

3,735

44

Baikalsky

3,389

59

Sayano-Shushensky

2,897

52

Nizhnesvirsky

2,844

77

Lazovsky

2,607

53

Khingansky

2,476

62

Bolshaya Kokshaga

2,308

67

Voroninsky

2,297

68

In 2000, 56 reserves received financial support from Russian sponsors (versus 49 in 1999). See Table 9.


Table 9. Reserves that received the most support
from Russian sponsors in 2000.

Reserves

Russian Grant Money,
thousand rubles

Budget Share,
%

Laplandsky

1,224

18

Kavkazsky

1,101

9

Pechoro-Ilychsky

862

19

Vitimsky

684

23

Oksksy

491

12

Astrakhansky

341

6

Putoransky

301

10

Darvinsky

295

8

Khopersky

219

9

Kuzhnetsky Alatau

203

20

The total budget of state nature reserves in 2000 was considerably larger than in 1999 thanks to various sources of financing (see Table 1), including:

  • the federal budget (49,1%),
  • regional and local budgets and non-budgetary funds (15,1%),
  • reserves’ own earnings (8%),
  • foreign grants (24,9%),
  • Russian sponsors (2,9%).

Changes that occurred in the proportion of various sources of financing in the total budget of state nature reserves are also given in Table 1.

V. B. Stepanitsky,
Deputy Head
Department of Environmental Protection and Ecological Safety
Russian Ministry of Natural Resources

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