|
Evaluation criteria need to be determined very carefully,
as they determine which effects will be investigated
for the alternatives. They can be based upon:
- the problem analysis. Both the activities
in the orientation phase and in the definition of
the policy problem give an indication for the determination
of the evaluation criteria. In the orientation phase,
it was already investigated which aspects are relevant.
An analysis of wishes, friction points, complaints
or initiatives around the subject under study can
give an indication of relevant evaluation criteria.
A further definition of those relevant aspects was
made during the description of the zero-situation
and the desired situation. In almost all cases it
was needed to determine the units that identify these
aspects. So, already some evaluation criteria were
formulated during the definition of the policy problem;
- the character of the alternatives. This
set refers firstly to technical and institutional
aspects that may have a role during implementation.
Further aspects may be aesthetically of character
(like landscape considerations). It should be noted
that the criteria of this group are generally qualitative;
- analogue problem situations. Evaluation
criteria from already implemented projects or policies
around a similar problem may serve as inspiration;
- check lists (systematic listing of points
of attention) can also be starting point for the determination
of evaluation criteria. Check lists are general in
nature: they should not limit the creativity of those
who are responsible for determining evaluation criteria,
but should only be used in addition. ADB
Environment Paper (1991) shows an example of checklists
that can be used in Coastal Zone Management.
The central government can be a good source for evaluation
criteria at macro level. Such parameters relate to the
objectives concerning employment, (development of ) income,
inflation levels. But, e.g., also objectives of physical
planning, environmental management, the availability of
resources and technological development should be used
to come to evaluation criteria.
Read a list of important
criteria.
|
|
Exercise 5
Consider the problem of oil and
gas exploration from under a large intertidal
wetland. Imagine that the government needs the
oil and gas as it is a major source of income
for the state, but local people fear the decline
of nature in such an international important nature
reserve. Decline in nature might occur due to
the bottom subsidence (and flooding) which will
occur in the area according to some geologists.
a) Consider the following criteria and decide whether
they are proper to base a decision upon regarding
the exploration:
- The extent to which nature is affected.
- The change in area of mussel banks.
- The total subsidence in the area.
- The amount of money earned from the project,
relative to the total income of the state.
b) Give five other criteria yourselves.
|
|
Exercise 6
Of the problems you described
in the previous section (Problem analysis), now
give 10 criteria each to judge alternative solutions
on.
[send
to tutor]
|
|
