Empowerment

• Conflict resolution: way to resolve conflicts by reaching agreement
• Neutral Facilitation: professional facilitator must ensure impartiality in creating opportunity for constructive dialogue between all participants to clarify issues and resolve conflicts.
• Alternative dispute resolution: neutral third party seeks an acceptable solution to a dispute.
• Delegation: local empowerment through memorandum of understanding, legal agreements or budget control, specifying delegated powers and duties.
• Local Initiatives: (bottom up) often generated by NGO's or local action groups.
• Capacity Building: improving of institutional capacity in field of ICZM; provide information and training for stakeholders.
• Referendum: highest level of participation (see Geledzhik bay example, Russia)

Detailed information could be found in the Thematic Study of the EU ICZM demonstration program (http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/iczm/themb_rp.pdf ).